Investigating the Impact of Lifestyle Factors on Cardiovascular Health: Insights from Epidemiological Studies

Dr. Nishant Sharma; Dr. Pranav Sharma; Dr. Ankita Saroha; Dr. Shivam Vashisth; Dr. Deepak Tanwar

doi:10.36676/jrps.v15.i1.1575

Authors

Dr. Nishant Sharma Dialysis Medical Officer, Civil Hospital, Palwal
Dr. Pranav Sharma Intern, N.C Medical College and Hospital, Panipat
Dr. Ankita Saroha Tutor, Microbiology Department, BPS GMC, Sonepat
Dr. Shivam Vashisth Junior Resident, Emergency Department at Aruna Asaf Ali Govt Hospital
Dr. Deepak Tanwar Junior Resident, Chest and TB department AT SHKM GMC, Nuh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36676/jrps.v15.i1.1575

Keywords:

Cardiovascular health, lifestyle factors, epidemiological studies, diet, physical activity, smoking

Abstract

The worldwide frequency of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) emphasizes how urgently thorough studies on their modifiable risk factors are needed. This work methodically summarizes epidemiological studies to clarify the link between lifestyle choices and cardiovascular disease. We investigate the effects of food, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol intake on CVD incidence and outcomes by use of data from many longitudinal and cross-sectional studies. While smoking and too much alcohol intake are verified as main risk enhancers, the results emphasize the important part of a balanced diet and consistent physical exercise in lowering CVD risk. Emphasizing a multifarious approach to cardiovascular health promotion, the research also addresses the interaction of these elements with genetic predispositions and socioeconomic level. This synthesis of epidemiological data seeks to guide public health policy and personal behavior, therefore supporting the larger endeavor to lower the load of cardiovascular illnesses.

References

Estruch, R., Ros, E., Salas-Salvadó, J., Covas, M. I., Corella, D., Arós, F., ... & Martínez-González, M. A. (2018). Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts. New England Journal of Medicine, 378(25), e34. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1800389 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1800389

Stampfer, M. J., Hu, F. B., Manson, J. E., Rimm, E. B., & Willett, W. C. (2000). Primary prevention of coronary heart disease in women through diet and lifestyle. New England Journal of Medicine, 343(1), 16-22. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200007063430103 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200007063430103

Piepoli, M. F., Hoes, A. W., Agewall, S., Albus, C., Brotons, C., Catapano, A. L., ... & Task Force Members. (2016). European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. European Heart Journal, 37(29), 2315-2381. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw106 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw106

Mozaffarian, D., Benjamin, E. J., Go, A. S., Arnett, D. K., Blaha, M. J., Cushman, M., ... & Turner, M. B. (2016). Heart disease and stroke statistics—2016 update: A report from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 133(4), e38-e360. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000350 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000350

Lee, I. M., Shiroma, E. J., Lobelo, F., Puska, P., Blair, S. N., & Katzmarzyk, P. T. (2012). Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: An analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. The Lancet, 380(9838), 219-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61031-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61031-9

Yusuf, S., Hawken, S., Ounpuu, S., Bautista, L., Franzosi, M. G., Commerford, P., ... & INTERHEART Study Investigators. (2004). Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): Case-control study. The Lancet, 364(9438), 937-952. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17018-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17018-9

Critchley, J. A., & Capewell, S. (2003). Mortality risk reduction associated with smoking cessation in patients with coronary heart disease: A systematic review. JAMA, 290(1), 86-97. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.290.1.86 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.290.1.86

Tully, P. J., Harrison, N. J., Cheung, P., & Cosh, S. (2016). Psychological and psychosocial risk factors for coronary artery disease: A systematic review of combined biopsychosocial interventions. Heart, Lung and Circulation, 25(8), 665-674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2016.02.022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.701